Complete debt payoff guide 2026
11 min read
Household debt in America totals $17.5T per Fed Z.1 data — $12.3T mortgages, $1.6T student loans, $1.1T credit cards. The right payoff strategy can save the average debtor $10–30k.
Avalanche vs snowball
Avalanche (pay highest rate first) mathematically optimal. Snowball (smallest balance first) psychologically optimal. Research (Dave Ramsey + academic) suggests 80% of people complete snowball plans vs 60% avalanche. Pick what you'll finish.
Credit card APRs
Average US credit card APR in 2026: 21.5% per Fed G.19 data. Carrying a balance is wealth-destroying. Use Credit Card Payoff to build a plan.
Balance transfer math
0% intro APR for 18 months on 3% transfer fee. On $10k balance: $300 upfront cost vs ~$3,225 interest savings at 21.5% APR. Clear winner if you'll pay it off inside the promo window.
Student loan strategy
Federal: IDR plans (SAVE, PAYE, IBR) cap at 10–20% discretionary income with 20–25 year forgiveness. Private: refinance aggressively if rate competitive. PSLF for 10-year public service workers.