Median home values (Zillow ZHVI) for all 50 states — with effective property-tax rate and affordability ratios, auto-refreshed from primary sources.
Every row below reads from the CalcFi data repository and carries an inline citation back to the primary source. The Zillow Home Value Index[1]is Zillow's canonical state-level home-value series — a typical-home estimate smoothed and seasonally adjusted, refreshed monthly. Effective property-tax rate[2]comes from Tax Foundation's annual state collections + Lincoln Institute effective-rate work, and the ACS 5-year owner-occupied value[3] cross-checks Zillow on smaller-sample states.
Most Expensive
Hawaii
$840,000
Most Affordable
West Virginia
$160,000
50-State Avg
$367,608
Mean of state ZHVI
Data Last Updated
From the data repo
| Rank | State | ZHVI Home Value ▼ | State Income Tax |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawaii | $840,000[1] | 11.00% |
| 2 | California | $770,000[1] | 13.30% |
| 3 | Massachusetts | $620,000[1] | 9.00% |
| 4 | District of Columbia | $620,000[1] | 10.75% |
| 5 | Washington | $615,000[1] | None |
| 6 | Colorado | $560,000[1] | 4.40% |
| 7 | New Jersey | $520,000[1] | 10.75% |
| 8 | Utah | $505,000[1] | 4.55% |
| 9 | Oregon | $490,000[1] | 9.90% |
| 10 | New Hampshire | $475,000[1] | None |
| 11 | New York | $470,000[1] | 10.90% |
| 12 | Idaho | $465,000[1] | 5.70% |
| 13 | Montana | $460,000[1] | 5.90% |
| 14 | Rhode Island | $440,000[1] | 5.99% |
| 15 | Arizona | $430,000[1] | 2.50% |
| 16 | Nevada | $430,000[1] | None |
| 17 | Maryland | $415,000[1] | 5.75% |
| 18 | Connecticut | $395,000[1] | 6.99% |
| 19 | Florida | $395,000[1] | None |
| 20 | Maine | $390,000[1] | 7.15% |
| 21 | Virginia | $385,000[1] | 5.75% |
| 22 | Vermont | $380,000[1] | 8.75% |
| 23 | Alaska | $360,000[1] | None |
| 24 | Delaware | $350,000[1] | 6.60% |
| 25 | Wyoming | $340,000[1] | None |
| 26 | Minnesota | $335,000[1] | 9.85% |
| 27 | North Carolina | $330,000[1] | 4.25% |
| 28 | Georgia | $325,000[1] | 5.39% |
| 29 | Tennessee | $325,000[1] | None |
| 30 | New Mexico | $305,000[1] | 5.90% |
| 31 | South Carolina | $295,000[1] | 6.20% |
| 32 | Texas | $295,000[1] | None |
| 33 | Wisconsin | $295,000[1] | 7.65% |
| 34 | Illinois | $275,000[1] | 4.95% |
| 35 | South Dakota | $275,000[1] | None |
| 36 | Nebraska | $265,000[1] | 5.20% |
| 37 | North Dakota | $265,000[1] | 2.50% |
| 38 | Pennsylvania | $265,000[1] | 3.07% |
| 39 | Michigan | $245,000[1] | 4.25% |
| 40 | Missouri | $245,000[1] | 4.70% |
| 41 | Indiana | $235,000[1] | 3.00% |
| 42 | Kansas | $225,000[1] | 5.58% |
| 43 | Ohio | $225,000[1] | 3.50% |
| 44 | Alabama | $223,000[1] | 5.00% |
| 45 | Iowa | $215,000[1] | 3.80% |
| 46 | Louisiana | $215,000[1] | 3.00% |
| 47 | Kentucky | $205,000[1] | 4.00% |
| 48 | Oklahoma | $205,000[1] | 4.75% |
| 49 | Arkansas | $198,000[1] | 3.90% |
| 50 | Mississippi | $182,000[1] | 4.40% |
| 51 | West Virginia | $160,000[1] | 4.82% |
Est. Annual Tax = ZHVI × effective rate. Actual bills vary by county and millage.
The traditional rule of thumb is that a home should cost no more than 3× your annual household income. By that measure, most coastal states are severely unaffordable, with price-to-income ratios exceeding 6–9× in California, Hawaii, and the Northeast.
Midwest states (Iowa, Kansas, Indiana, Ohio) offer the best price-to-income ratios — typically under 3.5×. These markets saw strong appreciation as remote work pushed demand out of coastal metros, but ZHVI still sits well below the 50-state average.
Florida and Texas — which saw explosive price growth during 2020–2022 — experienced modest price declines or flat growth in 2023–2024 as inventory recovered and affordability pressures pushed out buyers. Zillow ZHVI has captured this move in its latest state-level prints.
New Jersey, Illinois, and New Hampshire carry effective property-tax rates above 2% — when that's paired with expensive housing, the annual tax bill on a typical home can exceed $8,000. States with low effective rates (Hawaii 0.29%, Alabama 0.41%) offset the rate with lower home values in some cases, or higher values that still produce moderate bills in dollar terms.
State-level ZHVI masks enormous within-state variance. San Francisco sits far above the California median; upstate New York sits well below the statewide figure. Always cross-check with a metro- or county-level number before making a relocation or purchase decision. CalcFi's calculator suite runs the math once you have the right local inputs.
Property Tax by State
Annual tax bill by state, ranked
Household Income by State
Income benchmark for affordability
Cost of Living by State
Full RPP housing + living-cost picture
City Rent vs Home Values
ZHVI + ZORI + HUD FMR by city
Current Mortgage + Treasury Rates
PMMS 30-yr + full yield curve
Mortgage Calculator
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This table is generated at build / ISR-revalidation time from CalcFi's data repository (listStateMortgage()), which reads the unified state_mortgage_context table populated by the Phase 1B/1B.2 ETL scripts. Each field is wrapped in SourcedValue<T> so provenance flows to this page unchanged.
Formula — estimated annual property tax: ZHVI × effective property-tax rate, rounded to the nearest dollar. The effective rate is a statewide weighted average; county and municipal rates can differ by 30–50% in either direction.
Refresh cadence:Zillow ZHVI releases monthly (roughly the second week); Tax Foundation state property-tax tables release annually. The visible “Last reviewed” date above equals MAX(retrievedAt) across every SourcedValue consumed on the page — when the ETL re-runs, this bumps automatically after the next ISR revalidation (24 h).
Known limits:statewide averages mask large intra-state variance. Hawaii's low effective rate (0.29%) still produces a non-trivial annual bill because the median home value is the highest in the country. Always verify against your actual county assessor for precise figures.
CalcFi does not sell data. If you spot an error, email hello@calcfi.app with the URL and the correct figure.
FRED + BLS + Treasury · refreshed